Growth Performance of the Mangrove Oyster Cultivated on the Amazon Coast

Abstract In the last decades the oyster faming stands out as the main mitigating measure to the decline of the fishery, as it presents socio-economic and environmental viability. However, for the success of the activity, it is necessary to understand the stages of cultivation, as well as the growth performance of the species to be cultivated. The present work aims to characterize the growth and survival of Crassostrea tulipa, cultivated on the Amazon coast. For this purpose, oysters were grouped by commercial size class (seed, juvenile, baby, average and masters) and compared the growth rates and their relationships with the abiotic variables. There was no difference in the average growth between the oyster classes, however, when comparing them in the total and percentage growth rates, a higher performance was observed in the oysters classified by juvenile and seed, respectively. The relationship of salinity to oyster growth was evidenced only in the class of juvenile oysters. The cultivation time required to obtain native oysters in the commercial size varied between four and seven months, being inferior to those found in other Brazilian regions.

Evaluación del crecimiento y la sobrevivencia en cultivos de ostra japonesa desarrollados en Meanguera del Golfo, departamento de La Unión: en vínculo con CENDEPESCA / Growth assessment and survival of japanese oyster crops developed in Meanguera del Golfo, department of La Unión

En El Salvador, el cultivo de Ostra del Pacifico (Crassostrea gigas) es una actividad nueva, ya que en el país se desconocía la reproducción, el manejo de la semilla y el desarrollo del cultivo engorde en las zonas de cultivo. Es por ello que el Centro de Desarrollo de la Pesca y la Acuicultura (CENDEPESCA) juntamente con la cooperación técnica del Gobierno del Japón a través de la Agencia de Cooperación Internacional del Japón (JICA) ha implementado el "Proyecto para el Desarrollo de la Acuicultura de Moluscos en El Salvador" que ha introducido una nueva especie de ostra en El Salvador, la Ostra del Pacifico (Crassostrea gigas) con el objetivo de mejorar la calidad de vida de las comunidades de pescadores, que solamente se ha dedicado a la extracción de los recursos del medio natural, mas no al cultivo directamente a causa de la falta de recursos para la realización de la reproducción de los organismos, adquisición de la semilla e insumos para el desarrollo del cultivo. La Escuela Especializada en Ingeniería ITCA-FEPADE regional La Unión se unió a este esfuerzo y realizó una investigación en cooperación con CENDEPESCA, la cual inició con la siembra de 7,000 semillas en el sistema suspendido de Ostra japonesa, posterior a ello se elaboró un cronograma de trabajo para el control y se desarrollo del crecimiento del cultivo en los 6 meses de duración de la investigación,

In El Salvador, the cultivation of Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) is a new activity, due to, in the country, the reproduction, the handling of the seed and the development of the fattening crop in the cultivation areas were unknown. That is why the Center for the Development of Fisheries and Aquaculture (CENDEPESCA) together with the technical cooperation of the Government of Japan through the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) has implemented the "Project for the Development of Aquaculture of Mollusks in El Salvador "that has introduced a new species of oyster in El Salvador, the Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) with the aim of improving the quality of life of the fishing communities, which has only been dedicated to the extraction of the resources of the natural environment, but not to the cultivation directly because of the lack of resources for the realization of the reproduction of the organisms, acquisition of the seed and inputs for the development of the crop. ITCA-FEPADE La Unión joined this effort and carried out an investigation in cooperation with CENDEPESCA, which began with the sowing of 7,000 seeds in the suspended system of Japanese Oyster, after which a schedule of work for the control and development of the growth of the crop in the 6 months of duration of the investigation,

Perkinsus beihaiensis infecting the oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae under cultivation and in natural stock in Camamu Bay, Bahia, Brazil / Perkinsus beihaiensis infectando a ostra Crassostrea rhizophorae em cultivo e em estoque natural na Baía de Camamu, Bahia, Brasil

This study investigated the infection of Perkinsus beihaiensis (Perkinsozoa) in the oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae, both from a long-line cultivation system and from a nearby intertidal zone of mangrove, both in the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil. The collections were performed in October and November 2012, and in January 2013. The oysters (n = 300) were measured, examined macroscopically for signs of infection and then submitted to the following laboratory techniques: histology, Ray"s fluid thioglycollate medium assay (RFTM), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing, which confirmed the identification of the pathogen. Histological and RFTM analyses showed, respectively, a mean prevalence of 93.3% and of 69%. The infection was usually mild or very mild. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the environments in terms of infection prevalence or severity. This is the first record of P. beihaiensis in the state of Bahia and the second in oysters from Brazil and South America...

Foi investigada a infecção de Perkinsus beihaiensis (Perkinsozoa) na ostra Crassostrea rhizophorae em um sistema de cultivo do tipo espinhel e em um estoque natural de ostras no manguezal adjacente ambos localizados no estado da Bahia, Nordeste do Brasil. As colheitas foram realizadas em outubro e novembro de 2012 e em janeiro de 2013. As ostras (n = 300) foram medidas, examinadas macroscopicamente quanto a sinais da infecção e submetidas às técnicas laboratoriais: histologia, ensaio em meio de cultivo de tioglicolato de Ray (RFTM), reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) e sequenciamento, que confirmou a identificação do patógeno. As análises histológicas e o RFTM mostraram, respectivamente, prevalência média de 93,3% e de 69%. A infecção foi geralmente leve ou muito leve. Não houve diferença significativa (p > 0,05) entre os ambientes em termos de prevalência ou severidade da infecção. Este é o primeiro registro de P. beihaiensis no estado da Bahia e o segundo em ostras do Brasil e América do Sul...

Evaluación del crecimiento y la sobrevivencia de ostra japonesa (Cassostrea gigas) en cultivos desarrollados en Meanguera del Golfo, departamento de La Unión, El Salvador / evaluation of growth and survival of japanese oyster (Cassostrea gigas) in crops grown in Meanguera del Golfo, department of La Unión, El Salvador

La Escuela Especializada en Ingeniería ITCA-FEPADE Centro Regional MEGATEC La Unión, a través de la carrera "Técnico en Manejo Integrado de Recursos Costero Marinos, con especialidad en Acuicultura y Pesquería" y en coordinación con el Centro de Desa- rrollo de la Pesca y la Acuicultura (CENDEPESCA), se desarrolló el proyecto de investigación aplicada para determinar el crecimiento y sobre vivencia en cultivos de Ostra Japonesa, con la finalidad de buscar y proponer alternativas de cultivo a los productores acuícolas del municipio de Meanguera del Golfo, departamento de La Unión. Para la implementación de este proyecto de investigación, se realizó una siembra de 7,000 semillas de ostras, que fueron colocadas suspendidas en la columna de agua de un sistema de cultivo constituido por un Long Line y linternas de 5 pisos cada una. Al final del periodo de cultivo se cosecharon organismos con tamaño promedio de 5.5 cm, con una sobre vivencia del 7%. El mayor depredador encontrado fue el caracol (Cymatium wiegmanni) y el rango de temperaturas durante este periodo de cultivo fue de 30.1 y 30.5 °C.

The Specialized School in Engineering ITCA-FEPADE, regional Centre MEGATEC in La Unión, through its career "Technician in Integrated Control Coastal marine resources, with an aquaculture and fishery emphasis" and in conjunction with The Development of Fishing and Aquaculture Center (CENDEPESCA), implemented an applied research project to determine the growth and survival in Japanese oyster farming so as to find and propose farming alternatives to aquaculture producers from the municipality of Meanguera del Golfo, departamento de la Unión. To implement this research project, 7,000 oysters were farmed and placed hanging from the water column of a farming system made up of a Long line and flashlights of 5 levels each. By the end of the farming period, organisms with an average size of 5.5 cm were harvested with a 7% survival chance. The main oyster predator found was the (Cymatium wiegmanni) snail, and the temperature range during the farming period was between 30.1 and 30.5 °C.